Term????????????Description????????????????????????????AA?????????????The?Aluminum?Association,?based?in?USA?is?responsible?for?the?industry?standard?grain?refiner?(TP-1)?and?dissolution?(TP-2)?tests,?as?well?as?chemical?specifications?for?master?alloys?and?compacts.?????????????????????????????AAS?????????????Atomic?Absorption?Spectrometry?for?chemical?analysis?especially?at?low?levels.?????????????????????????????ACFT?????????????Alcoa?cold?finger?test?assesses?grain?refiner?ability,?particularly?to?predict?the?onset?of?twin?columnar?grains.?????????????????????????????AFS?????????????American?Foundrymen"s?Society.?????????????????????????????Agglomeration???????????????Term?commonly?used?to?describe?sticking?together?of?grain?refiner?particles.????????????????????????????AlB2,AlB12?????????????The?two?possible?phases?found?in?BAl?master?alloys.?????????????????????????????Al2O3?????????????Alumina?or?Aluminium?oxide.?????????????????????????????Alloy?????????????A?mixture?containing?more?than?one?element.?????????????????????????????Alloying?Element?????????????An?element?that?is?added?to?metal?to?change?its?physical?characteristics?and?properties.????????????????????????????Alumina?????????????Aluminium?oxide?(commonly?used?to?make?CFFs?and?the?filtering?component?of?DBFs).?????????????????????????????Aluminide?????????????Phase?containing?Al?plus?another?element?e.g.?TiAl3.?????????????????????????????Aluminium????????????(Aluminum)?The?13th?element?in?the?periodic?table,?and?the?earth"s?most?abundant?metallic?element,?aluminium?was?discovered?in?1827.?Aluminium?has?an?atomic?weight?of?26.98,?a?melting?point?of?660.32°C?(1220.576°F),?and?a?boiling?point?of?2529°C?(4566°F).?Aluminium?is?an?abundant,?light?metal?with?a?silvery?appearance,?used?in?the?manufacture?of?products?requiring?light?weight,?resistance?to?corrosion?and?electrical?conductivity.????????????????????????????Amorphous?????????????Glass-like,?as?in?Al?alloys?developed?for?studying?nucleation.?????????????????????????????Annealing?????????????A?heat?treatment?commonly?used?to?soften?an?aluminium?alloy.?????????????????????????????Anode?????????????Positive?electrode?made?of?carbon?in?electrolytic?cells?used?in?the?smelting?process.?????????????????????????????Anodizing?????????????(also?Anodic?Oxidation)?Coating?aluminium?by?a?treatment?that?creates?a?thin?and?extremely?hard?layer?of?aluminium?oxide?on?the?surface?of?the?metal.?Dye-colored?coatings?can?be?applied?during?the?process.????????????????????????????ASTM?????????????American?Society?for?Testing?Material.?ASTM?issues?standard?specifications?on?materials,?including?metals?and?alloys.????????????????????????????Bauxite?????????????A?soil?type?and?ore?derived?from?the?weathering?of?granite?(sialic?parent?rock),?and?depleted?of?nearly?all?soluble?elements.?Aluminium?oxides?are?virtually?all?that?remain?after?calcium,?potassium,?sodium?and?silicon?have?been?leached?out.?Bauxite?is?the?principle?ore?of?aluminium,?and?is?predominantly?found?in?tropical?and?sub-tropical?regions.????????????????????????????Billet?????????????A?cylindrical?aluminium?ingot?used?to?make?extrusions.????????????????????????????Carbide?????????????Particle?containing?carbon?(e.g.?aluminium?carbide,?titanium?carbide).????????????????????????????Cathode?????????????Negative?electrode?in?electrolytic?cells?used?in?the?smelting?process.?????????????????????????????Casting?????????????Pouring?molten?metal?into?moulds?at?any?stage?of?the?fabrication?and?manufacturing?process.????????????????????????????CEN?????????????Comité?Européen?de?Normalisation?is?a?European?equivalent?of?AA,?which?has?issued?chemical?specifications?for?master?alloys.?????????????????????????????CFF?????????????Ceramic?foam?filter,?commonly?used?in?the?cast?house?to?remove?defects?from?the?molten?metal?stream.?CFFs?are?typically?replaced?after?each?casting.?????????????????????????????Conductivity?????????????Ability?to?conduct?electricity.?????????????????????????????Continuous?Casting?????????????Term?often?applied?to?twin?roll?casting,?where?thin?strip?is?cast?directly?from?molten?metal.?????????????????????????????Cryolite?????????????Salts-based?flux?(e.g.?potassium?aluminium?fluoride).?????????????????????????????DBF?????????????Deep?bed?filters?are?more?complex?than?CFFs,?usually?consisting?of?layers?of?alumina?refractory?of?different?sizes?and?shapes.?DBFs?are?generally?used?in?much?longer?campaigns?than?CFFs.?????????????????????????????DC?Casting?????????????Direct-chill?casting,?a?common?method?used?in?the?wrought?industry?to?produce?slabs?and?billets.?????????????????????????????Degassing?????????????The?act?of?reducing?the?hydrogen?level?of?molten?aluminium.?It?is?often?used?to?also?remove?inclusions?as?well?as?reduce?the?levels?of?Na?and?Ca?in?the?molten?aluminium.?????????????????????????????Dissolution?????????????The?act?of?dissolving,?especially?applied?to?compacted?additives.?????????????????????????????Drawing?or?Pressing?????????????Forcing?a?flat?metal?blank?into?a?die?under?pressure?from?a?metal?ram.?This?process?is?used?in?the?manufacture?of?aluminium?"hollowware".????????????????????????????Ductility?????????????The?measure?of?a?material"s?ability?to?deform?elastically?and?plastically?without?fracturing.?????????????????????????????Equiaxed?Structure?????????????The?microstructure?of?a?metal?in?which?all?grains?have?approximately?the?same?dimensions?in?all?directions.????????????????????????????Eutectic?????????????In?alloy?systems?with?eutectics,?this?can?be?the?lowest?melting?point?phase?and?so?the?last?to?solidify?when?casting.?In?Al-Si?casting?alloys,?the?eutectic?is?often?modified?to?alter?its?structure?to?enhance?ductility.?????????????????????????????Extruding?????????????The?act?of?deforming?solid?aluminium,?usually?in?the?form?of?a?cylindrical?billet,?by?pushing?it?from?an?enclosed?container?through?a?die?to?form?a?product?of?consistent?cross?section.?????????????????????????????Filtration?????????????Removal?of?inclusions?from?the?molten?metal?(see?also?CFF,?DBF).?????????????????????????????Fines?????????????Finest,?dusty?material.?????????????????????????????Fluidity?????????????Ability?to?flow?and?fill?a?mould.?????????????????????????????Flux?????????????There?are?several?types?of?fluxes?used?in?the?aluminium?industry,?having?different?applications,?for?example?to?reduce?hydrogen?gas?levels?or?to?remove?dross.?????????????????????????????Forging?????????????The?act?of?deforming?solid?aluminium?into?either?a?particular?shape?by?hammering?or?squeezing?in?a?closed?die,?or?deforming?between?flat?platens.?????????????????????????????Foundry?????????????Term?often?used?to?distinguish?a?producer?of?shaped?castings?from?a?wrought?(e.g.?billets,?slabs)?producer.?????????????????????????????Grain?Refiner?????????????Al-Ti-B?and?Al-Ti-C?alloys?release?nucleant?particles?for?grain?refining?as?well?as?Ti?for?grain?growth?restriction.?????????????????????????????Heat?Treatment?????????????Method?used?to?alter?an?alloys?properties?(e.g.?annealing?is?to?soften,?whilst?other?treatments?are?to?harden).?????????????????????????????Hydrogen?????????????The?only?gas?which?dissolves?to?any?extent?in?aluminium.????????????????????????????Hypereutectic????????????An?alloy?whose?chemical?composition?is?above?that?of?the?eutectic.?In?hypereutectic?Al-Si?alloys,?the?first?phase?to?form?on?solidification?is?primary?Si.?Phosphorus-based?additives?are?often?used?to?refine?it.????????????????????????????Hypoeutectic????????????An?alloy?whose?chemical?composition?is?below?that?of?the?eutectic.?In?hypoeutectic?Al-Si?alloys,?the?first?phase?to?form?on?solidification?is?primary?Al.?Grain?refiners?are?often?used?to?refine?it.????????????????????????????ICP?????????????Inductively?Coupled?Plasma,?combined?with?optical?emission?spectrometry?is?a?commonly?used?technique?to?determine?chemical?analysis?of?master?alloys.?????????????????????????????Ingot?????????????Metal?cast?in?a?shape?that?is?convenient?for?handling,?storage,?shipping?and?remelting.?Ingots?may?be?small?enough?to?be?stacked?and?handled?by?one?person,?or?in?the?case?of?a?larger?T-ingot,?may?be?designed?to?be?handled?by?a?forklift.????????????????????????????Injection?????????????A?term?used?for?forcing?molten?metal?into?a?die,?also?used?to?describe?introduction?of?powder?alloying?additives?to?a?furnace?of?molten?metal.?????????????????????????????ISO?????????????International?standard?for?quality?system?management.?????????????????????????????KAIF????????????(see?PAF)?Potassium?aluminium?fluoride?is?a?flux?used?in?some?ALTAB?compositions?as?it?enhances?dissolution.?Also?known?as?PAF.????????????????????????????LAIS?????????????A?technique?similar?to?PoDFA?for?artificially?concentrating?the?inclusions?present?in?a?melt?to?determine?its?cleanliness.?????????????????????????????LiMCA?????????????Liquid?metal?cleanliness?analyser?is?a?technique?for?determining?molten?metal?inclusion?levels?in?a?launder?in?real?time.?????????????????????????????Macs?????????????Mini?ALTAB?charging?system?is?a?concept?for?bulk?alloying?with?minimal?handling.????????????????????????????Metallography????????????Flat,?polished?sections?of?samples?are?examined?under?a?microscope,?typically?at?magnifications?ranging?from?X50?to?X1000.?This?is?called?metallography,?and?is?used?by?grain?refiner?producers?to?assess?quality.????????????????????????????Modification?????????????Term?applied?to?refining?of?the?eutectic?structure?in?Al-Si?casting?alloys.?Normally?done?with?Sr,?but?also?Na?or?Sb?used.?????????????????????????????Oxide?????????????Aluminium?readily?forms?oxides?which?are?generally?unwanted?inclusions.?????????????????????????????PAF?????????????(see?KAIF)?Potassium?aluminium?fluoride?is?a?flux?used?in?some?ALTAB?compositions?as?it?enhances?dissolution.?Also?known?as?KAIF.????????????????????????????PoDFA?????????????Porous?disc?filtration?apparatus?is?a?technique?to?artificially?concentrate?inclusions?present?in?molten?aluminium?and?so?determine?cleanliness?levels.?????????????????????????????Poison?????????????Term?applied?to?loss?of?grain?refining?induced?by?certain?elements,?particularly?Zr?on?TiBAl.?????????????????????????????Porosity?????????????The?presence?of?pores?in?a?cast?structure.?The?only?gas?which?dissolves?to?any?extent?in?aluminium?is?hydrogen.?When?molten?aluminium?is?solidified?the?level?of?hydrogen?that?can?remain?in?solution?is?reduced,?so?porosity?may?result.?????????????????????????????Porous?Plug?????????????A?technique?to?introduce?fluxes?or?gases?into?molten?aluminium?by?inserting?a?plug?in?the?furnace?floor.?????????????????????????????ppi?????????????Pores?per?inch,?term?applied?to?describe?pore?sizes?in?ceramic?foam?filters.?????????????????????????????ppm?????????????Parts?per?million.?????????????????????????????Process?Control?????????????The?act?of?controlling?the?key?parameters?of?a?process?to?try?to?ensure?product?consistency.?????????????????????????????QS????????????The?automotive?quality?management?system?standard.?????????????????????????????(QS?9000)?????????????????????????????Quenching?????????????Rapid?cooling?of?a?metal?from?an?elevated?temperature.?????????????????????????????Refractory?????????????A?high?melting?point?material,?various?refractories?exist?in?the?industry?with?many?applications?including?the?direct?containment?of?molten?aluminium.?????????????????????????????RFI?????????????Rotary?flux?injection?for?injecting?flux?into?a?melt.?????????????????????????????Recovery?????????????For?an?alloying?additive?this?refers?to?how?much?of?the?alloying?element?in?the?master?alloy?or?compacted?additive?ends?up?in?the?final?alloy.?????????????????????????????Rolling?????????????The?act?of?squeezing?between?two?rollers?to?form?a?flat?plate,?sheet?or?foil?section.?Rolling?is?often?first?done?"hot"?to?reduce?thickness?of?the?cast?section?in?as?few?passes?as?possible.?"Cold"?rolling?provide?strength?benefits?as?well?as?being?used?to?achieve?final?dimensional?tolerances.?????????????????????????????SEM????????????Scanning?electron?microscopy,?used?for?high?magnification?study?of?metal?surfaces.????????????????????????????Smelting?????????????Process?of?producing?molten?aluminium?by?the?reduction?of?alumina.?????????????????????????????Solubility?????????????A?measure?of?how?well?an?additive?dissolves?in?molten?aluminium?(can?also?be?applied?to?solid?solutions)?????????????????????????????Spectrometry?????????????Method?commonly?used?to?determine?the?chemical?composition?of?an?alloy.????????????????????????????TEM????????????Transition?electron?microscopy,?used?for?very?high?magnification?study?of?internal?metallic?structures.????????????????????????????Thermal?Analysis?????????????A?technique?used?in?foundries?to?assess?how?good?grain?refining?will?be?as?well?as?the?eutectic?nucleation?temperature.?It?is?based?on?assessing?the?cooling?curve?of?a?solidifying?sample.?????????????????????????????TiAl3?????????????Particle?found?in?TiBAl?and?TiCAl?and?TiAl?alloys,?dissolves?in?molten?Al?to?play?a?role?in?grain?growth?restriction.?????????????????????????????TiB2?????????????Particle?found?in?TiBAl?alloys,?plays?a?key?role?in?grain?refining.?????????????????????????????TiC?????????????Particle?found?in?TiCAl?alloys,?plays?a?key?role?in?grain?refining.?????????????????????????????TP-1?????????????The?Aluminum?Association"s?standard?test?for?assessing?grain?refiner?ability.?????????????????????????????TP-2?????????????The?Aluminum?Association"s?standard?test?for?assessing?solubility.?????????????????????????????Twin?Roll?Casting?????????????See?Continuous?Casting.?????????????????????????????Wrought?Aluminium?????????????Wrought?means?worked,?so?can?be?applied?to?rolling,?extruding?and?forging.